In many cases, the anomaly are asymptomatic or moderately severe clinical manifestations. Sometimes immediately after birth revealed signs of rapidly developing respiratory failure .
Etiology infectious lung destruction should be categorized depending on the type of microbial pathogen.
Etiology it is necessary to distinguish acute bronchitis: 1) infectious origin: a) viral b) bacterial b) viral-bacterial - 2) due to physical and chemical hazards - 3) mixed (for example, a combination of physical, chemical factors and infections)- 4)unspecified nature.
When hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis diverse pathophysiological disorders and clinical symptoms. Clinic miliary tuberculosis is characterized by General intoxication and functional disorders. They will manifest themselves in the form of a decrease in appetite, weakness, subfebrile temperature. Noted in patients with dry cough. In anamnesis there is an indication of contact with sputum smear-positive patients, previously transferred to pleural effusion, lymphadenitis.
For nasopharyngitis characterized by unpleasant sensations in the nose and throat: burning, stinging, dryness, often the accumulation of mucous discharge, which sometimes gets bloody appearance and difficult departs from the nasopharynx. Often pain in the neck. Often have difficulty in nasal breathing and nasal, especially in children.
It is well known that the clinical picture of acute pneumonia differs in varying degrees of severity are common manifestations of the disease and symptoms of lung and bronchus. These differences are largely determined by the nature of the pathogen.
The basis of classification is based on etiological and clinical principles, taking into account the nature of the causative agent and the form of the clinical course of both the severity of the disease in General, and the predominance of one of the two major clinical syndromes (intoxication and catarrhal).
The clinical picture of acute sinusitis is defined by the General and local signs of inflammation. Manifestations of the General reaction can be, in particular, headache, fever, General malaise, weakness, and typical changes in the blood. These symptoms are non-specific, therefore, the diagnosis of sinusitis is paramount, local manifestations of the disease.
The incubation period varies from 10-12 hours to 2-3 days. The disease begins acutely. Increased body temperature, occurs chills, pain when swallowing. Increase and become painful regional lymph nodes. The severity of fever, intoxication and pharyngoscopy picture depend on the form of the disease.
- Catarrhal sore throat. Characterized by predominantly superficial lesion of the tonsils. Signs of intoxication expressed moderately. The body temperature is subfebrile.
For a long time infestation asymptomatic, it is be but then there is discomfort in the liver area, which considerably increases, becomes very dense (woody density) and bumpy. Some patients develops Xia jaundice
Often the main reason for referral of the patient to the doctor is slowly, but steadily progressive dyspnea, which may be accompanied by cough with scanty yellow sputum, sometimes hemoptysis, low-grade fever, pain in the chest, cyanosis
Clinical manifestations of the acute stage of ascariasis can be erased or highly polymorphic. In case of eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs observed febrile reaction is of the wrong type, asthenia, headache, dry cough, rash type of urticaria.
Primary aspergillosis of the lung is rare, secondary - occurs in immunocompromised individuals, often in patients with tuberculosis or lung tumors, collegeone, blood diseases, etc.
In the development of asthma can be allocated in three stages. The first stage is characterized by the presence of biological defects in healthy people. From clinical implementation of biological defects depends on the development of asthma.
Clinic of asthma in children in the acute phase (attack period) has its own characteristics, depending on the pathogenetic mechanisms and the age of the child. The attack occurs in the form of repeated paroxysms of difficult breathing. In children of early age are often harbingers of attack.
Fistula opening to the surface of the chest wall, called bronchology. Distinguish hobo prominent and canalside bronchial fistula. Most often found their second option, when the bronchus communicates with the thoracic wall via a convoluted channel of various sizes.
Depending on the shape distinguish bronchiectasis bronchiectasis: a) cylindrical, b) saccular, fusiform, and d) mixed. Between them there are many transitional forms,
The advent of the complaints of the patients associated with developing complications (suppuration of the cyst, progressive increase in its size, spontaneous pneumothorax). Giant cysts may cause mediastinal shift, causing shortness of breath and discomfort behind the breastbone. Suppuration of the cyst often occurs without apparent preceding reasons, at any age.
The symptoms of candidiasis of the lungs: fever, shortness of breath, tachycardia, chest pain, painful cough with scanty mucous expectoration, sometimes streaked with blood, bronchospastic syndrome.
Candidiasis of the lungs usually associated with severe and widespread Kang-didson digestive tract - he rarely occurs in isolation. In the acute phase of the disease there are small foci of fibrinous inflammation with necrosis in the center. In the future occur suppuration of these foci and the formation of cavities.
Physical manifestations are usually absent. Only while coughing at the height of inspiration are heard separate fine moist rales. Catarrhal phenomena occur later, with the appearance of perifocal inflammatory changes around the cavity, thickening of its walls.
In the period of clinical remission of chronic abscess can be almost asymptomatic or manifest slight cough with scanty mucous or Muco-purulent sputum. Sometimes there is persistent hemoptysis.
The main symptoms of chronic bronchitis - cough, sputum, shortness of breath. Cough is the most typical manifestation of the disease.
A frequent harbinger of exacerbation of chronic hematogenous-disseminated tuberculosis is exudative pleurisy. Precede or accompany chronic hematogenous-disseminated tuberculosis of lung tuberculosis of kidney, bones or other organs.
Physical findings in the lungs, in the paravertebral space are heard scattered dry and finely moist rales, pleural friction RUB.
For the reasons set out above, Minsk and Tbilisi techstudio classification of chronic pneumonia at the present time should be considered unacceptable.
